SAVARALEEPI MEPPING

 

Telugu & English → Sora Sompeng (నవీకరించబడిన సంపూర్ణ చార్ట్)

ఈ చార్ట్ మీరు అందించిన తెలుగు (Telugu) మరియు ఇంగ్లీష్ (English) అక్షరాల మార్పిడి నియమాలు, మ్యాపింగ్‌ను యూనికోడ్ నోటేషన్లతో వివరిస్తుంది. Sora Sompeng లిపికి U+111D0 నుండి U+111FF యూనికోడ్ రేంజ్ ఉపయోగించబడింది.

🔤 పార్ట్ 1: కీలక మార్పిడి & నియమాలు

🧠 ముఖ్య గమనిక: Sora Sompeng లో పొట్టి అచ్చు (Short Vowel) మరియు దీర్ఘ అచ్చు (Long Vowel) లకు ఒకే చిహ్నం ఉపయోగించబడుతుంది. (ఉదా: అ / ఆ = 𑃢)

🧠 అనుస్వారం ('ం') నియమం: అనుస్వార శబ్దం ('ం') ఎక్కడ వచ్చినా, దాని కోసం 𑃖 (M) చిహ్నాన్ని ఉపయోగించాలి.

ఫార్ములా: వ్యంజనం + స్వరం + 𑃖

🅰️ స్వరాలు (Vowels)

Telugu	Sora Sompeng	Sora Notation	Notes
అ / ఆ	𑃢	U+111C2	Short/Long A
ఇ / ఈ	𑃤	U+111C4	Short/Long I
ఉ / ఊ	𑃥	U+111C5	Short/Long U
ఎ / ఏ	𑃣	U+111C3	Short/Long E
ఒ / ఓ	𑃦	U+111C6	Short/Long O
ఐ	𑃧	U+111C7	AI
ఔ	𑃢𑃚	U+111C2 U+111DA	A + V (Special Compound)
అం / ఆం	𑃢𑃖	U+111C2 U+111D6	A + M (Anuswara)

🅱️ వ్యంజనాలు (Consonants)

Telugu	Sora Sompeng	Sora Notation
క్ (క)	𑃟	U+111DF
గ్ (గ)	𑃕	U+111D5
చ్ (చ)	𑃓	U+111D3
జ్ (జ)	𑃠	U+111E0
త్ (త)	𑃑	U+111D1
డ్ (డ)	𑃔	U+111D4
ప్ (ప)	𑃛	U+111DB
బ్ (బ)	𑃒	U+111D2
మ్ (మ)	𑃖	U+111D6
న్ (న)	𑃙	U+111D9
ల్ (ల)	𑃘	U+111D8
వ్ (వ)	𑃚	U+111DA
స్ (స)	𑃐	U+111D0
య్ (య)	𑃜	U+111DC
ర్ (ర)	𑃝	U+111DD
హ్ (హ)	𑃞	U+111DE
ఙ్ (ఙ)	𑃗	U+111D7
ఞ్ (ఞ)	𑃡	U+111E1

©️ అంకెలు (Numerals)

Telugu/English	Sora Sompeng	Sora Notation
౦ (0)	𑃰	U+111F0
౧ (1)	𑃱	U+111F1
౨ (2)	𑃲	U+111F2
3	𑃳	U+111F3
4	𑃴	U+111F4
5	𑃵	U+111F5
6	𑃶	U+111F6
7	𑃷	U+111F7
8	𑃸	U+111F8
9	𑃹	U+111F9

🔠 పార్ట్ 2: పదాక్షర నిర్మాణ నియమాలు (Syllable Construction Rules)

1. పూర్తి అక్షరం (Full Syllable)

వ్యంజనం + అ (𑃢) = పూర్తి అక్షరం

• క = క్ (𑃟) + అ (𑃢) = 𑃟𑃢
• కా = క్ (𑃟) + ఆ (𑃢) = 𑃟𑃢 (Long/Short same)

2. ద్విత్వాక్షరాలు (Geminated Consonants)

ద్విత్వం = వ్యంజనం × 2 + చివర అ (𑃢)

• క్క = క్ (𑃟) + క్ (𑃟) + అ (𑃢) = 𑃟𑃟𑃢
• మ్మ = మ్ (𑃖) + మ్ (𑃖) + అ (𑃢) = 𑃖𑃖𑃢

3. సంయుక్తాక్షరాలు (Conjunct Letters)

సంయుక్తాక్షరం = వ్యంజనాలు విడిగా రాయాలి + చివర అ (𑃢) తప్పనిసరి.

• క్ర = క్ (𑃟) + ర (𑃝) + అ (𑃢) = 𑃟𑃝𑃢
• ప్ర = ప్ (𑃛) + ర (𑃝) + అ (𑃢) = 𑃛𑃝𑃢

🅰️ పార్ట్ 3: క-హ అనుస్వారం ('ం') గుణింతాలు

FINAL RULE: అనుస్వారం (M-sound)

వ్యంజనం + స్వరం + 𑃖

ఉదాహరణ: కం = క్ (𑃟) + అ (𑃢) + ం (𑃖) = 𑃟𑃢𑃖

క (𑃟) మరియు స (𑃐) అనుస్వారం ('ం') ఉదాహరణలు

Vowel Sound	Sora Vowel Symbol	క (𑃟) + ం	Sora	స (𑃐) + ం	Sora
అం / ఆం	𑃢	కం / కాం	𑃟𑃢𑃖	సం / సాం	𑃐𑃢𑃖
ఇం / ఈం	𑃤	కిం / కీం	𑃟𑃤𑃖	సిం / సీం	𑃐𑃤𑃖
ఉం / ఊం	𑃥	కుం / కూం	𑃟𑃥𑃖	సుం / సూం	𑃐𑃥𑃖
ఎ/ఏం	𑃣	కేం	𑃟𑃣𑃖	సేం	𑃐𑃣𑃖
ఒం / ఓం	𑃦	కొం / కోం	𑃟𑃦𑃖	సొం / సోం	𑃐𑃦𑃖
ఐం	𑃧	కైం	𑃟𑃧𑃖	సైం	𑃐𑃧𑃖
ఔం	𑃢𑃚	కౌం	𑃟𑃢𑃚𑃖	సౌం	𑃐𑃢𑃚𑃖

🔤 పార్ట్ 4: A–Z English → Sora Sompeng (Selected)

ఉచ్చారణ పేరు (letter name) ఆధారంగా మార్పిడి చేయబడిన కొన్ని ప్రత్యేక సందర్భాలు:

English	Telugu Sound	Sora Sompeng	Sora Notation	Notes
A	అ	𑃢	U+111C2	Short vowel
B	బ్	𑃒	U+111D2	Consonant alone
C	స్	𑃐	U+111D0	Mapped to స్ (S sound)
E	ఏ	𑃣	U+111C3	Mapped to long E (𑃣)
F	ఎ + ఫ్	𑃣𑃛	U+111C3 U+111DB	Special: E + P (similar sound)
I	ఇ	𑃤	U+111C4	Short vowel
O	ఒ	𑃦	U+111C6	Short vowel
Q	క్ + ఇ + ఉ	𑃟𑃤𑃥	U+111DF U+111C4 U+111C5	Special: K + I + U
X	ఎ + క్ + స్	𑃣𑃟𑃐	U+111C3 U+111DF U+111D0	Special: E + K + S
Z	జ్ + ఏ + డ్	𑃠𑃣𑃔	U+111E0 U+111C3 U+111D4	Special: J + E + D

🧩 పదాల ఉదాహరణలు (Word Examples - Telugu)

Telugu	Breakdown	Sora Sompeng	Sora Notation
అమ్మ	అ + మ్ + మ్ + అ	𑃢𑃖𑃖𑃢	U+111C2 U+111D6 U+111D6 U+111C2
అక్క	అ + క్ + క్ + అ	𑃢𑃟𑃟𑃢	U+111C2 U+111DF U+111DF U+111C2
కౌం	క్ + ఔ + ం	𑃟𑃢𑃚𑃖	U+111DF U+111C2 U+111DA U+111D6
రం	ర్ + అ + ం	𑃝𑃢𑃖	U+111DD U+111C2 U+111D6

🧩 పదాల ఉదాహరణలు (Word Examples - English)

English	Phonetic Mapping	Sora Sompeng	Sora Notation
CAT	C(స్) + A(అ) + T(త్)	𑃐𑃢𑃑	U+111D0 U+111C2 U+111D1
DOG	D(డ్) + O(ఒ) + G(గ్)	𑃔𑃦𑃕	U+111D4 U+111C6 U+111D5
APPLE	A(అ) + P(ప్) + P(ప్) + L(ల్) + E(ఏ)	𑃢𑃛𑃛𑃘𑃣	U+111C2 U+111DB U+111DB U+111D8 U+111C3

Telugu & English → Sora Sompeng

Updated Complete Chart

This chart explains the conversion rules and mappings for Telugu and English letters into the Sora Sompeng script, using Unicode notation.

Sora Sompeng Unicode Range: U+111D0 to U+111FF

🔤 PART 1: KEY CONVERSION RULES

🧠 Important Note: Short and Long Vowels

In Sora Sompeng, the same symbol is used for short and long vowel sounds.

Example:

• అ / ఆ → 𑃢
• ఇ / ఈ → 𑃤
• ఉ / ఊ → 𑃥
• ఎ / ఏ → 𑃣
• ఒ / ఓ → 𑃦

🧠 Anusvara ('ం') Rule

Whenever the Telugu anusvara sound ('ం') occurs, use the 𑃖 (M) symbol.

Formula:

Consonant + Vowel + 𑃖

Example:

కం = క్ + అ + ం = 𑃟𑃢𑃖

📌 CONVERSION SUMMARY

Telugu → Sora Sompeng

Basic structure:

Consonant + Vowel

Example:

క → 𑃟𑃢

Gemination:

Consonant + Consonant + A

Example:

క్క → 𑃟𑃟𑃢

Conjunct:

Consonant + Consonant + A

Example:

క్ర → 𑃟𑃝𑃢

Anusvara:

Consonant + Vowel + M

Example:

కం → 𑃟𑃢𑃖

English:

English letters are converted according to their specified Telugu phonetic equivalents and Sora Sompeng mappings.

Example:

CAT → 𑃐𑃢𑃑

DOG → 𑃔𑃦𑃕

APPLE → 𑃢𑃛𑃛𑃘𑃣

⚠️ IMPORTANT

This chart represents the custom Telugu/English → Sora Sompeng conversion rules provided above. It should be treated as a defined transliteration/mapping system rather than assuming that every Telugu or English spelling has a direct one-to-one equivalent in standard Sora Sompeng orthography.

AKSHARA BRAHMA FORM OF, LORD JAGANNATH, THE MOST BELOVED DEITY OF THE SABARAS. (Established on 18th June 1936

**AKSHARA BRAHMA FORM OF LORD JAGANNATH, THE MOST BELOVED DEITY OF THE SAVARAS** *(Established on 18 June 1936)*)

S. P. Mangai gives the following account regarding the origin of the script. The Savara people used to worship Daru-Brahma (the wooden image of God). However, when Lalita, the Savara princess, fell in love with a Brahmin and revealed to him the secrets of the worship, the Brahmin won over the Lord. The Lord vanished and no longer responded to the prayers of the Savara people.

Then the Savaras said:

“Wonderful! You do not listen to me, and you do not respond to me. But you listen to the Brahmin, who is an outsider. Alright, I say, from today I will offer you only blood and liquor. When you come back again to us and teach us to be wise and good, we will worship you then only with due sanctity.”

The Savara people took such a resolution, and since then they had been sacrificing cocks, goats, buffaloes, and, according to the tradition, even human beings during certain rituals. They worshipped, paid obeisance, and then poured blood and liquor over the deity's head.

However, after many days, at the end of the Age of Kali, the Lord came back and said:

“Now I have come to you, not as Daru-Brahma, but as Akshara-Brahma (the Alphabetic Image of God). Worship me in this form. I will be visible on the Matter Bnom Vijnan Hills.”

The Savaras then went there and saw the twenty-four letters appearing before them in a vision. A shrine was subsequently built on that site, and the worship of Akshara-Brahma commenced from that day.

Mangai thus spiritualized his invention of a Sora script and established a new religious order designated as Matter Bnom Dmri—the religion that opens the eyes and makes people good and wise. His script, symbolizing Akshara-Brahma, is enshrined on a hill near Marichiguda, about 20 kilometres from the nearest town of Gunupur.

The image is in the shape of “Om” in the Odia character and contains the 24 letters, 9 numerals, and a crest inscribed upon it. During the past forty years, Mangai has proselytized a considerable number of his tribesmen and established sub-centres throughout the Sora-speaking region to promote literacy in the script.

Particularly in the Padampur–Gunupur area, centering around the villages of Marichiguda and Dumbasara, literacy has spread to a recognizable extent. The script is, in fact, being used for intra-community communication and literary activities.

THE CONSTITUTION (SCHEDULED TRIBES) ORDER, 1950

In exercise of the powers conferred by clause (1) of Article 342 of the Constitution of India, the President, after consultation with the Governors and Rajpramukhs of the States concerned, is pleased to make the following Order, namely:—

1.

This Order may be called The Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950.

2.

The tribes, tribal communities, or parts of, or groups within, tribes or tribal communities specified in the Parts of the Schedule to this Order shall, in relation to the States to which those Parts respectively relate, be deemed to be Scheduled Tribes, so far as regards members thereof resident in the localities specified in relation to them respectively in those Parts of that Schedule.

3.

Any reference in this Order to a State, district, or other territorial division shall be construed as a reference to the State, district, or other territorial division as constituted on the 1st day of May, 1967.

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NOTES

1. Published with the Ministry of Law Notification No. S.R.O. 510, dated the 6th September, 1950, in the Gazette of India, Extraordinary, 1950, Part II, Section 3, page 597.

2. Substituted by the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes Lists (Modification) Order, 1956.

3. The figure XVIII has successively been substituted by Act 18 of 1987, Section 19 and the Second Schedule (w.e.f. 30.05.1987); by Act 28 of 2000, Section 20 and the Fourth Schedule (w.e.f. 01.11.2000); by Act 29 of 2000, Section 25 and the Sixth Schedule (w.e.f. 09.11.2000); and by Act No. 30 of 2000, Section 24 and the Schedule (w.e.f. 15.11.2000), to read as above.

4. Substituted by Act 108 of 1976, Section 19 and the Second Schedule for Paragraph 3 (w.e.f. 27.07.1977).

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SUBMISSION OF MEMORANDA LIST

1. Submission to the Governor of Odisha

Submitted by: Sabar Cultural Association
Address: At/Po: H.O., District Rayagada, Odisha

A memorandum was submitted to Sri S. I. Muralidhara Chandrakant Bhandare, Hon'ble Governor of Odisha, Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar.

Prayer: For the inclusion of the Sora Language and Sora Sompeng Script in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

Letter No.: 238
Date: 14.11.2012

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2. Submission to the Governor of Odisha

Submitted by: Sabar Cultural Association
Address: At/Po: H.O., District Rayagada, Odisha

A memorandum was submitted to Shri S. C. Jamir, Hon'ble Governor of Odisha, Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar.

Prayer: For the inclusion of the Sora Language and Sora Sompeng Script in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

Letter No.: 239
Date: 25.03.2013

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3. Submission to the Governor of Odisha

Submitted by: Sabar Cultural Association
Address: At/Po: H.O., District Rayagada, Odisha

A memorandum was submitted to Shri S. C. Jamir, Hon'ble Governor of Odisha, Raj Bhavan, Bhubaneswar.

Prayer: For the inclusion of the Sora Language and Sora Sompeng Script in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

Letter No.: 240
Date: 15.11.2016

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4. Submission to the Ministry of Tribal Affairs

Submitted by: Sabar Cultural Association
Address: At/Po: H.O., District Rayagada, Odisha

A memorandum was submitted to Shri Jual Oram, Hon'ble Minister of Tribal Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi.

Prayer: For the inclusion of the Sora Language and Sora Sompeng Script in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

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5. Submission to the Ministry of Tribal Affairs

Submitted by: Sabar Cultural Association
Address: At/Po: H.O., District Rayagada, Odisha

A memorandum was submitted to Shri Jual Oram, Ministry of Tribal Affairs, Government of India, New Delhi.

Prayer: For the inclusion of the Sora Language and Sora Sompeng Script in the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution of India.

Letter No.: 241
Date: 15.11.2016

 

SORA & ORIYA: A STUDY ON LOAN VOCABULARY

Of the several important tribes of Orissa, the Sora is one of the most well-known, mainly due to its connection with the Jagannath legend. The tribe is also known by various other names such as Sabara, Saura, and Sora. The mother tongue statistics for this tribe, spelled as “Savara” in the 1981 Census, are as follows:

Savara – 1981 Census

• India: 556,195
• Orissa: 370,060
• Andhra Pradesh: 82,101

It is clear from these figures that the main concentration of the tribe is in Orissa. However, we have reasons to believe that these census figures may not be very accurate, because a large number of Sora speakers who return Oriya as their mother tongue are merged with another tribe called Sabara or Lodha.

It is important to note that the Oriya-speaking Sabaras are mainly found in the coastal districts of Cuttack and Puri, while the Sora speakers predominantly inhabit the districts of Ganjam and Koraput. It is these latter Soras who are discussed in this paper.

Their language, Sora, belongs to the southern branch of the Munda sub-family and is genetically distinct from Oriya, which belongs to the Indo-Aryan sub-family. However, languages that have been in contact with each other for centuries are likely to influence one another, irrespective of their genetic affiliations.

Thus, we find that there are a large number of linguistic features and words that are common to Oriya and Sora. This situation immediately raises the question of cultural contact between these languages and, consequently, of a loan vocabulary.

Although, at the moment, it is not possible to identify definitively the languages in terms of donor or recipient, the loan vocabulary is sufficient proof to establish the depth and extent of the contact situation. However, considering the cultural conditions of these two groups, it cannot be denied that Oriya is far ahead of Sora in many accomplishments, and therefore it is natural that Oriya, in most cases, will appear to be the donor and Sora the recipient rather than the other way round.

But it is also true that Sora, as we understand its processes, is a very conservative language and has a natural ability built into it to recreate its own vocabulary using its indigenous devices. As a moderately agglutinative language, it favours the formation of new words from indigenous material rather than through direct borrowings.

Some of the direct borrowings include words such as raja (king), sun (quicklime), loa (iron), and mua (a sweetmeat). However, there is also a large amount of common vocabulary that cannot be traced to any particular source, and the possibility of Oriya borrowing from Sora remains quite plausible.

In any case, such a study is all the more difficult, particularly in the absence of a theory of loanwords. Although no such theory is proposed here, a few guidelines might be of interest.

Savara leepi Books

                                  

Indigenous material rather than direct borrowings. Some of the direct borrowings include raja (king), sun (quicklime), loa (iron), and mua (a sweetmeat). However, there is also a large body of common vocabulary that cannot be traced to any particular source, and the possibility of Oriya borrowing from Sora remains quite plausible. In any case, such a study is considerably more difficult, particularly in the absence of a theory of loanwords. Although no such theory is proposed here, a few guidelines might be of interest.d here, a few guide lines might be of interest. 

    

INTRODUCTION

Savara is an Adivasi language of India with its own indigenous script.

The name of this book is “SORAN SOMPENG.”

Edition: 8th Edition
Copies: 1,000 (One Thousand Copies)

This book is highly useful for everyone. It presents several important and lesser-known events and teachings shared by Sora Pandit Mangai Gomang, which enlighten and guide human life at every stage and moment of its journey.

The Sora Script (Sora Sompeng) is used for reading, writing, and learning in several states of India and also abroad, including:

1. Odisha
2. Andhra Pradesh
3. West Bengal
4. Meghalaya
5. Nagaland
6. Arunachal Pradesh
7. Assam
8. Tripura
9. Purbo Banggo (Bangladesh)

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Writer & Publisher

B. Gabriel Boya
Gumuda, District Rayagada
Odisha – PIN: 765024

Mobile: 9438202863
Lakki: 7077504305
Home: 8457092585, 7008706586

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Historical Information

Amal Savara Script Established: 18 June 1936

Registration: 1860–7199–198
Bharat: 1601001480

Koraput Mallia Gomango
15 May 1868 – 17 June 1935

S. P. Mangai
16 June 1916 – 16 June 2016

Teacher: Faguny Roiyto
Phone: 09957917489

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Printed By

Sri Akshara Brahma Yuva Nirmana Seva Sangam (H.O.)
Nawgada, Seethampeta Mandal,
Srikakulam District

K. Kameswara Rao
Phone: 09550376014

S. Papa Rao
Phone: 9908382149

 

SAVARA BHASHA PRASARAN INTERNATIONAL

Representatives and Contributors for Sompeng Script

1. Odisha – Odia to Sompeng

Bharto Sabar
📞 Phone: 7377292580

2. Andhra Pradesh – Telugu to Sompeng

Gangarao
📞 Phone: 9550720115

Kamesh
📞 Phone: 9550376014
📧 Email: kamsweraraok2@gmail.com

Dasudev
📞 Phone: 9494156492

Sanjay Ram
📧 Email: sanjayramn@gmail.com

3. West Bengal – Hindi to Sompeng

Birsing Sabar
📞 Phone: 9800249502

4. Assam – Assamese to Sompeng

Teacher Faguni Roitto
📞 Phone: 9613647328

5. Meghalaya – English to Sompeng

Luckymaya
📞 Phone: 8014562934

Anidra
📞 Phone: 9856912975

6. Tripura – Bangla to Sompeng

Deepak Bhill
📞 Phone: 9862747847

Dulal
📞 Phone: 8414040286

Pratima Bhill
📞 Phone: 8447622319

7. Arunachal Pradesh

Rumila
📞 Phone: 9577990741

8. Purbo Bongo, Bangladesh

Porimol Kumar Bhim
📧 Email: porimolkumar@gmail.com

9. Nagaland

Kumud Duloni
📍 Kohima

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INDIAN PARLIAMENTARY ACTION FOR SAVARA LANGUAGE AND SCRIPT

Questions Raised in the Parliament of India

Dr. Giridhar Gomango
Former Member of Parliament, Koraput
Former Chief Minister

Important Parliamentary Questions and Initiatives

1. Development of Savara Script and Language
   (XXIII – 19-03-1979)

2. Release of Grants for the Development of Saura Script and Language
   (VI – 07-07-1980)

3. Tribal Languages with Scripts
   (XXXVI – 24-03-1983)

4. Development of Tribal Languages and Scripts
   (XLIX – 02-08-1984)

5. Implementation of the Education Commission (1964–66): Recommendations Regarding Tribal Languages and Scripts
   (XXIV – 26-03-1979)

6. Language and Script of Savara Tribes of Orissa
   (XVIII – 28-08-1978)

7. Written Languages in India
   (XXVI – 23-04-1979)

8. NCERT Publications in Tribal Languages
   (XLVII – 08-12-1983)

9. Publication of Books in Savara Language
   (XLVII – 12-04-1984)

10. Scheduled Tribal Languages
    (VII – 30-07-1980)

11. Promotion of Tribal Languages
    (XVIII – 28-08-1981)

12. Identification of Tribal Languages
    (XXII – 10-12-1981)

13. Savara Tribal Language
    (XXII – 10-12-1981)

14. Selection of Tribal Villages
    (VII – 02-08-1985)

15. Savara Script Development with Financial Assistance under Article 275

16. Development and Preservation of Tribal Dialects and Languages
    (XII – 27-03-1978)

17. Documentary Films on Tribal Communities
    (XVIII – 18-08-1981)

18. Broadcast of Tribal Language Songs and Music on AIR, Jeypore, Orissa
    (XX – 13-12-1978)

19. Scripts of Savara and Santhal Languages
    (XXVIII – 07-05-1973)

20. Production of Films on Tribal Culture
    (XXXVII – 26-04-1983)

21. Development of Tribal Languages
    (VI – 16-05-1985)

22. Grants for the Development of Tribal Dialects and Languages
    (V – 02-05-1985)

23. Development of the Languages of Savara and Santhal Tribes
    (VIII – 08-08-1995)

24. Schemes and Programmes for Tribal Dance and Music
    (XLIII – 18-12-1953)

GOMANG S . P Mangai–B.16.06.1916

  

S. P. Mangai Gomango

Inventor of the Sora Sompeng Script

S. P. Mangai Gomango
Date of Birth: 16 June 1916

Education: Form IV (1935)
Family: One son and two daughters.

Activities

S. P. Mangai Gomango took a keen interest in research work for the upliftment of Adivasi communities. After long and strenuous efforts, he developed a script for the Savara (Sora) language. He devoted himself to promoting and spreading literacy in the Savara language through this indigenous writing system.

Address: Morehinda, Padmapur, Gunupur Taluk.

Historical references to S. P. Mangai Gomango include entries in industrial and commercial directories published in Nagpur, Madhya Pradesh, India, during 1954–55.

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Adivasi Script Invented by S. P. Mangai

Savara Language and Adivasi Script

The indigenous script for the Savara language was invented by S. P. Mangai Gomango.

Publications relating to the script were issued by:

Matharvanam Vigyana Prachar Ashram
Marichaguda, Odisha

The work received financial support and approval from the Central Government of India, New Delhi.

S. P. Mangai Gomango was honoured with an award by the Odisha Sahitya Akademi on 30 March 1969.

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The Savara People and Their Language

The Savara-speaking people primarily live in the hilly regions of the Eastern Ghats, particularly in the Srikakulam and Vizianagaram districts of Andhra Pradesh.

Speakers of the Savara language also live in the hilly areas of Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, and Bihar.

In Odisha, Savara communities are found in the districts of:

• Koraput
• Kalahandi
• Mayurbhanj
• Balasore
• Cuttack
• Ganjam
• Gajapati

According to the 2001 Census, the Savara population in Andhra Pradesh was 122,979.

According to the 2011 Census, the total literacy rate among the Savara community was reported as 13.68%.

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Indigenous Scripts of the Munda Languages

There are three scripts that were created specifically for writing Munda languages:

1. Sora Sompeng – for the Savara (Sora) language
2. Ol Chiki – for the Santali language
3. Warang Citi – for the Ho language

These three scripts are not visually similar and are not derived from a common script. They were independently created by influential community leaders to replace or supplement non-native writing systems.

Reference: Norman Zide

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History of Sora Sompeng

The Savara language has also been written using an IPA-based system developed by Christian missionaries. In the early twentieth century, different writing systems were proposed for the language.

During the 1930s, there was disagreement within the community regarding which writing system was best suited to the Savara language. In response to this situation, Mangai Gomango, the son-in-law of an influential Savara leader, introduced the Sora Sompeng script in 1936.

Savara tradition states that the script itself is a divine incarnation of the deity known as Akshara Brahma.

Other scholars have suggested that some letter shapes may have been influenced by Latin or IPA letters, while certain additional loops may have been influenced by Telugu writing.

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Origin and Development of the Sora Sompeng Script

Savara Pandit S. P. Mangai Gomango developed an indigenous script for the Savara language. The script consists of 25 letters and was developed at Marichaguda, Padmapur Block, Gunupur Sub-Division, Rayagada District, Odisha.

Sora Sompeng is also known by alternative names such as:

• Matar Banom
• Akshara Brahma
• Madi Brahma

The script is believed to have been developed around 1935–36. Its final form emerged after approximately two years of development.

S. P. Mangai Gomango compiled stories, grammar books, astrology books, and historical works about the Savara tribe using the Sora Sompeng script.

Some of these works were published by the Central Institute of Indian Languages (CIIL), Mysore, in 1976.

The Integrated Tribal Development Agency (ITDA), Seethampeta, Srikakulam District, has conducted training programmes to help Savara people learn the script. Storybooks and primers using the script have also been developed for primary school students.

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References

• Norman Zide. 1996. Scripts for Munda Languages. In Peter T. Daniels and William Bright (Eds.), The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Peter T. Daniels and William Bright. The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press, New York.
• Ramamurti, G. V. English-Sora Dictionary. Madras: Government Press.
• Ramamurti, G. V. Telugu-Savara Dictionary. Director of Public Instruction.
• Ramamurti, G. V. 1938 (Reprint: 1986). English-Sora Dictionary. New Delhi: Mittal Publications.
• Sankar Reddy, M. 1993. Savara Language Book. Goyidi, Srikakulam: Janachetana.
• Sankar Reddy. 1997. Savara Jivana Vijnana Akambol (Savara Life Educative Book). Goyidi: Janachetana. First Edition.
• S. P. Mangai Gomango. 1976. Matar Banom.

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